The experience of people with mental disorders in social function adaptation after suffering from pasung

Objective: Pasung is a physical restraint or confinement of people with mental disorders performed by non-professional members of society. It can cause various effects on people with mental disorders. Pasung can affect the people adaptation to functioning socially in society following the release from pasung. The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of people with mental disorders, post-pasung, in adapting to society Method: This was a qualitative study, using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Data were obtained though in-depth interviews with seven participants, and the data were analyzed by using Colaizzi's method. Results: Pasung has a physical and psychosocial impact on people with mental disorders in adapting to society. The results of the study can be summarized by four themes: a) withdrawal from others as an initial manifestation of release from pasung; b) biopsychosocial changes after pasung that act as an impediment to performing a social function; c) improved social function through the optimization of support systems, and d) satisfaction with life as a result of social adaptation. Conclusions: Increased social support is needed to optimize the social function of people with mental disorders, post-pasung

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The experience of restraint-use among patients with violent behaviors in mental health hospital

Objective: Patients with violent behavior can harm themselves, others and environment. It can be an indicator for mental health hospital admission. Violent behaviors can be characterized by verbal and physical attacks demonstrated by the individuals intensively. Management of violent behaviors in hospital often uses restraint, but it has physical and psychological effects. This study aimed to explore experience of restraint use among patients with violent behaviors in mental health hospital. Method: To gain deep understanding related to the patients' experiences, this study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was employed to find patients who were restrained during their hospitalization. The number of participants in this study was 8 participants. The data were analyzed with Colaizzi's method. Results: Patients with violent behavior, specifically with physical restraint during their hospital-ization had negative impacts on patients. The results of this study were described in three themes: 1) aggressive behavior as one of the main reason of restraint; 2) professional healthcare supports during the restraint use, and 3) physical and psychosocial impact of the restraint use. Conclusions: The impact of restraint is related to human right violations and ethical dilemma. The process of decision-making for employing restraint, especially in relation to violent behavior management, requires a consideration of the rights of the patient. Every individual has the right of self-determination, liberty, security and physical integrity

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Family stress experience in dealing with child victims of sexual violence

Objective: Stress is one of the responses experienced by families with child victims of sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to explore in depth the stress experienced by families dealing with child victims of sexual violence. Method: This qualitative study employed the phenomenology approach. A purposive sample of six families participated in the study. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results: This study discussed the experience of family with children who are victims of sexual violence. This study generated the following 5 themes: 1) sexual violence and the subsequent behavior changes in children as a source of family stress; 2) Family stress as a response to changes in the family process; 3) social support as sources of the family's strengths; 4) spiritual activities for coping with stress, and 5) parenting changes as a family learning and evaluation. Conclusions: Results suggested the development of the School Mental Health Unit to help families, and the community, identify and prevent sexual violence. In addition, the School Mental Health Unit would be a useful source for students who experience sexual violence to function well at school

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The experience of older people living in an elderly residential home (Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha): a phenomenology

Objective: The aim of this study was to gain an overview of the experiences of older people living in an elderly residential home (Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha [PSTW]). Method: The study used qualitative method with the descriptive phenomenology approach. The participants consisted of six older people who live in institutions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews in accordance with the purpose of the research, and an analysis of the data from the interviews was performed using the analysis stage by Collaizi. Results: Three themes emerged from this study, namely independent living needs and support systems as a reason for staying at PSTW, the adaptive response to life in PSTW, and family support as a contributing factor to remaining at PSTW. Conclusions: Most of the elderly's support came from their children or nephews and nieces. Receiving full emotional support from relatives through family visits was deemed necessary for the elderly, as it made them feel happy to continue the rest of their lives in the elderly care home

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The experience of adolescents having mentally ill parents with pasung

Objective: Lack of knowledge and powerlessness make family restrains, chains or confines (pasung) the family member with mental illness. This study aimed to explore the experience of adolescents having mentally ill parents with pasung. Method: To achieve detailed and accurate understandings of adolescents' experiences, this study used a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was employed to find teenagers aged 12-19 years old who had mentally ill parents with pasung.The data were analyzed with Colaizzi's method. Results: Parents with mental illness, specifically with physical restrain and confinement (pasung) had psychosocial impact on adolescents. Role changes often occur in the family where teenagers should be a breadwinner and caregiver for their parents. The results of this study were described in three themes: 1) changes of life due to have mentally ill parents with pasung; 2)reciprocity as the reason for taking care of the parents; 3) positive meaning of living with mentally ill parents with pasung. Conclusions: This study concludes that psychosocial treatment for adolescents living with parents with pasung should consider the psychological and social impact as a result of taking care of their parents with pasung

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Effect of logo-therapy, acceptance, commitment therapy, family psychoeducation on self-stigma, and depression on housewives living with HIV/AIDS

Objective: Self-stigma in people living with HIV/AIDS is a survival mechanism to protect themselves from external stigma. Stigma and discrimination in people living with HIV/AIDS can lead to inequality in social life. This inequality can cause inferiority complex, preoccupation, and denial of diagnosis, which correlates with the onset of depression. This study aims to determine the effect of logotherapy, commitment acceptance therapy, and family psychoeducation on self-stigma and depression on housewives living with HIV/AIDS. Method: This study used the quasi-experiment pretest-posttest design. The respondents were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The subjects were 60 housewives living with HIV/AIDS. Data were collected using Internalizes Stigma of AIDS Tools and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses. Equality analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and independent t test, and the effects were analyzed using paired t test. Results: The result showed a significant decrease in self-stigma and depression (p value < 0.05) in patients receiving logotherapy, commitment acceptance therapy, and family psychoeducation. Conclusions: A combination of logotherapy, commitment acceptance therapy, and family psychoeducation is recommended as a therapy package to overcome self-stigma and depression for people living with HIV/AIDS

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Family experiences in communicating with family members experiencing social isolation after hospitalization

Objective: Social isolation is one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia that is likely to persist after hospitalization. This study aimed to describe family experiences in communicating with post-hospitalized family members experiencing social isolation. Method: This study used a descriptive phenomenology qualitative approach. The research sample consisted of seven participants selected by a purposive sampling method. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with family members of people with schizophrenia who experienced social isolation after hospitalization. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results: Five themes emerged in this study: a) emotional reactions towards communication changes after hospitalization; b) family coping strategies in communicating with post-hospitalized clients; c) stigma and emotional expression as factors aggravating limited social interaction; d)types of family communication used to fulfill the psychological needs of patients, and e) family involvement in communicating with socially-isolated clients after hospitalization. Conclusions: Family communication becomes part of the adaptation of the family to caring for a family member with a chronic illness. It is recommended that nurses provide mental health education and psychological education on communication skills to family caregivers

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The experience of parents implementing authoritarian parenting for their school-age children

Objective: To explore families' experiences who use an authoritarian parenting style in caring for school-age children. Method: This was a qualitative study employing a phenomenological approach. The sampling method was to interview parents of school-age children living in the Central Maluku district in Indonesia. Results: The findings of this study generated the following themes: (1) parents strictly controlled their children to achieve the parental values and expectations, (2) children failed to meet the parental values and expectations, and (3) problems experienced by the children were the results of the parenting style. Conclusions: This study suggested nursing professionals provide adequate information for parents with respect to parenting styles that may facilitate the optimal growth and development of the children. Future studies pertinent to cultural factors associated with authoritarian parenting were also suggested to better understand the cultural context of this parenting style

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Preventing Pasung by mentally ill patients' families

Pasung is a way of handling the mentally ill in the several Indonesian communities. In many cases, when the patients leave the hospital they are once again turned out by their families and returned to the pasung. This study aims to identify and explore the means of preventing mentally ill patients in the community from being subjected to pasung through a test of Daulima's Pasung Decision Questionnaire that measures a family's intention to use pasung.This study tested the content validity and reliability of Daulima's Pasung Decision Questionnaire by using the Spearman-Brown single test-single trial. The respondents were 300 people drawn from five provinces in Indonesia: West Sumatra, East Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. The validity and reliability results showed that the content of this instrument is valid once improvements had been made to the statement items numbers 16 and 17. It was also shown to be reliable by the consistency of the responses with an alpha value of 0.729. This means that responses to the instrument are consistent and are reliable measures of the level of intention of the mentally ill patient's family to use pasung

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